Table 1. Comparison of the present work with already reported work.
| Material/source | Analyte | Detection method | Response type | Key features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomass-derived CDs (ref. 33) | Hydrazine | Fluorescence | Quenching | Green synthesis |
| Nitrogen doped CDs (ref. 34) | Hydrazine | Fluorescence | Quenching | High sensitivity |
| CDs (ref. 35) | Alcohols | Fluorescence | Enhancement | Fast response |
| CDs (ref. 36) | Ethanol | Optical | Shift | Surface interaction |
| This work | Ethanol and hydrazine | Fluorescence | Dual (quenching + enhancement) | Bimodal sensing and opposite response |