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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 25.
Published in final edited form as: Med Decis Making. 2025 Aug 14;45(8):976–986. doi: 10.1177/0272989X251352210

Table 2.

R2 Values and Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSEs) of the Validation Set of the 3 Meta-Models for the Sick-Sicker State Transition Model

Metamodel Intervention R2 Values for Validation Set  RMSEs for Validation Set
Linear  Cost, status quo 0.72 14,956
Regression  Cost, intervention 0.67 17,799
 QALYs, status quo 0.73 0.65
 QALYs, intervention 0.67 0.70
GAM  Cost, status quo 0.71 15,124
 Cost, intervention 0.67 17,856
 QALYs, status quo 0.73 0.65
 QALYs, intervention 0.70 0.67
ANN  Cost, status quo 0.67 17,048
 Cost, intervention 0.68 17,643
 QALYs, status quo 0.69 0.71
 QALYs, intervention 0.67 0.69

ANN, artificial neural network; GAM, generalized additive model; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.