Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population (n = 5,264).
| Malformation typea |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | No. (%) | Gosner stage (mean ± SD) | Malformation [n (%)] | Missing | Malformed | Extra |
| Hyla versicolor | 235 (4.5) | 36.0 ± 6.4 | 4 (1.7) | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Pseudacris crucifer | 895 (17.0) | 34.8 ± 6.2 | 6 (0.7) | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Total hylids | 1,130 (21.5) | 35.0 ± 6.2 | 10 (0.9) | 4 | 6 | 0 |
| Rana catesbeiana | 319 (6.1) | 37.7 ± 6.7 | 5 (1.6) | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Rana clamitans | 1,176 (22.3) | 40.3 ± 6.2 | 32 (2.7) | 9 | 28 | 2 |
| Rana pipiens | 1,702 (32.3) | 35.8 ± 8.0 | 33 (1.9) | 10 | 28 | 0 |
| Rana sylvatica | 937 (17.8) | 31.7 ± 5.2 | 3 (0.3) | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Total ranids | 4,134 (78.5) | 36.3 ± 7.5 | 73 (1.8) | 21 | 62 | 2 |
| Total | 5,264 (100) | 36.0 ± 7.2 | 83 (1.6) | 25 | 68 | 2 |
a
Some individuals exhibited more than one type of malformed limb or element.