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. 2026 Mar 13;16:13419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-43869-y

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2026

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Fig. 5 — Humoral immune response elicited by control (wild type) and mutant (LIC12143 knockout) bacterins. (A, B) Individual IgG responses against whole-cell lysates of L. interrogans LAD-1 were evaluated by ELISA following prime (A) and booster (B) immunizations with either control or LIC12143 mutant bacterins. Hamster sera were tested at a 1:800 dilution. (C) Isotype profiling was performed using pooled sera from the booster injection (n = 10) at 1:800 dilution. LAD-1-coated plates were incubated with sera, followed by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies specific for total IgG, IgG1, IgG2/3, or IgG3. (D, E) Antibody reactivity was further assessed by immunoblotting using pooled sera after primary (D, 1:500 dilution) and booster (E, 1:2,000 dilution) immunizations against lysates from both control and mutant strains. Membranes were exposed for 15 s each. Negative control animals were injected with medium only. ELISA data were compared by two-tailed t-test (*P ≤ 0.05).