Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of factors associated with psychological distress

Variable	Mean ± SD	t / F	df / df1, df2	P	Effect size
Gender		−7.16	2,842	<0.001	0.323
Male	4.30 ± 3.28
Female	5.39 ± 3.41
Marital status		3.45	2,842	<0.001	0.196
Single, divorced or widowed	5.23 ± 3.44
Married	4.56 ± 3.10
Education		7.95	2,842	<0.001	0.450
School level	6.48 ± 3.69
University level	4.96 ± 3.32
Country		23.52	3, 2,840	<0.001	0.024
Jordan	6.22 ± 3.40
Egypt	4.92 ± 3.36
Palestine	5.10 ± 3.38
Lebanon	4.58 ± 3.35
Living arrangement		0.90	2, 2,841	0.408	0.001
Alone	5.61 ± 3.71
With parents/partner	5.14 ± 3.40
With friends	4.78 ± 3.24
Personal history of mental illness		−6.50	2,842	<0.001	0.642
No	5.05 ± 3.36
Yes	7.22 ± 3.69

Bold numbers indicate significant p value.