Table 2.
Average confidence scores for each financial topic overall, by income, education, relationship type, and by years of caregiving experience.
| Characteristic | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Overall mean | Overall SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean confidence | 2.88 | 4.07 | 3.86 | 2.69 | 2.86 | 2.05 | 2.51 | 2.82 | 3.25 | 2.88 | 2.33 | 2.72 | 2.91 | .58 |
| Standard deviation | 1.33 | 1.17 | 1.37 | 1.41 | 1.41 | 1.27 | 1.31 | 1.43 | 1.35 | 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.35 | 1.34 | |
| Care partner annual income (in thousands of USD) | ||||||||||||||
| <40 | 2.48 | 3.90 | 3.44 | 2.71 | 2.94 | 1.96 | 2.58 | 2.52 | 3.04 | 2.67 | 2.06 | 2.52 | 2.73 | 0.54 |
| 40 – 100 | 2.93 | 4.00 | 3.76 | 2.63 | 2.81 | 2.15 | 2.55 | 2.88 | 3.21 | 2.94 | 2.36 | 2.84 | 2.92 | 0.53 |
| >100 | 3.13 | 4.29 | 4.21 | 2.99 | 3.13 | 2.01 | 2.54 | 3.07 | 3.57 | 3.01 | 2.60 | 2.79 | 3.11 | 0.66 |
| No answer | 2.76 | 4.16 | 4.22 | 2.41 | 2.43 | 1.81 | 2.19 | 2.49 | 3.03 | 2.68 | 2.00 | 2.32 | 2.71 | 0.76 |
| Kruskal-Wallis p-value | 0.02* | 0.15 | 0.02* | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.63 | 0.94 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.16 | |
| Difference between <40 and 40–100 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.32 | −0.08 | −0.13 | 0.19 | −0.03 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.19 | |
| Difference between 40–100 and >100 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.32 | −0.14 | −0.01 | 0.19 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.24 | −0.05 | 0.19 | |
| Difference between <40 and >100 | 0.65* | 0.40 | 0.77* | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.53 | 0.27 | 0.38 | |
| Years of caregiving experience | ||||||||||||||
| <2 | 2.74 | 3.73 | 3.35 | 2.51 | 2.58 | 2.06 | 2.35 | 2.48 | 2.90 | 2.47 | 2.20 | 2.52 | 2.6564 | 0.47 |
| 2–4 | 3.00 | 3.93 | 3.79 | 2.76 | 3.03 | 2.09 | 2.46 | 2.81 | 3.38 | 3.06 | 2.23 | 2.63 | 2.9292 | 0.57 |
| >4 | 2.90 | 4.32 | 4.17 | 2.76 | 2.91 | 2.03 | 2.62 | 3.01 | 3.36 | 3.01 | 2.45 | 2.88 | 3.0334 | 0.65 |
| Kruskal-Wallis p-value | 0.45 | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.46 | 0.11 | 0.71 | 0.41 | 0.03* | 0.02* | 0.00** | 0.50 | 0.16 | 0.01* | |
| Difference between <2 and 2–4 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.44 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.47* | 0.59* | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.27 | |
| Difference between 2–4 and >4 | −0.10 | 0.39* | 0.38 | 0.00 | −0.11 | −0.06 | 0.16 | 0.19 | −0.02 | −0.06 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.10 | |
| Difference between <2 and >4 | 0.16 | 0.59*** | 0.83*** | 0.25 | 0.33 | −0.04 | 0.28 | 0.52* | 0.46* | 0.54* | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.38* | |
| Relationship to person living with dementia | ||||||||||||||
| Child CP | 2.94 | 3.84 | 3.78 | 2.68 | 2.84 | 1.98 | 2.41 | 2.66 | 3.10 | 2.70 | 2.34 | 2.60 | 2.82 | |
| Spousal CP | 2.69 | 4.56 | 4.25 | 2.57 | 2.83 | 1.95 | 2.51 | 3.01 | 3.54 | 3.06 | 2.09 | 2.79 | 2.99 | |
| Other | 3.15 | 3.83 | 3.23 | 3.08 | 3.00 | 2.60 | 2.95 | 3.05 | 3.15 | 3.23 | 2.90 | 3.10 | 3.10 | |
| Kruskal-Wallis p-value | 0.12 | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.14 | 0.78 | 0.02* | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.02* | 0.02* | 0.01* | 0.1088 | 0.2511 | |
| Difference between care partner of parent versus spouse | −0.25 | 0.72*** | 0.47** | −0.11 | 0.00 | −0.03 | 0.10 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.35 | −0.25 | 0.20 | 0.16 | |
| Difference between care partners of spouse versus other | −0.46 | 0.73*** | 1.03*** | −0.51 | −0.17 | −0.65* | −0.44 | −0.04 | 0.39 | −0.17 | −0.81* | −0.31 | −0.12 | |
| Difference between care partners of parent versus other | −0.21 | 0.02 | 0.56* | −0.39 | −0.16 | −0.62* | −0.54 | −0.39 | −0.05 | −0.52 | −0.56 | −0.50 | −0.28 | |
| Education | ||||||||||||||
| High school diploma or less | 2.55 | 4.68 | 4.00 | 2.58 | 3.10 | 1.97 | 2.35 | 3.13 | 3.13 | 2.94 | 2.32 | 2.74 | 2.96 | 0.75 |
| 4-year college | 2.93 | 3.88 | 3.74 | 2.66 | 2.82 | 2.11 | 2.60 | 2.78 | 3.22 | 2.88 | 2.39 | 2.80 | 2.90 | 0.51 |
| Post-college | 2.90 | 4.27 | 4.09 | 2.80 | 2.85 | 1.96 | 2.38 | 2.81 | 3.33 | 2.87 | 2.20 | 2.56 | 2.92 | 0.69 |
| Kruskal Wallace p-value | 0.34 | 0.00*** | 0.06 | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.71 | 0.97 | 0.55 | 0.36 | 0.94 | 0.34 |
| Difference between high school and college | 0.38 | −0.80*** | −0.26 | 0.08 | −0.28 | 0.14 | 0.25 | −0.35 | 0.09 | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | −0.06 | |
| Difference between college and post-college | −0.02 | 0.39* | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.03 | −0.15 | −0.22 | 0.03 | 0.11 | −0.01 | −0.19 | −0.23 | 0.02 | |
| Difference between high school and post-college | 0.36 | −0.41 | 0.09 | 0.22 | −0.25 | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.32 | 0.20 | −0.06 | −0.12 | −0.18 | −0.04 | |
p < .05, two-tailed.
p < .01, two-tailed.
p < .001, two-tailed.
- Note. Response options were 1 (not at all confident); 2 (slightly confident); 3 (somewhat confident); 4 (fairly confident) to 5 (extremely confident).
- Survey items were as follows.
- Q1: if there will be enough money to provide care.
- Q2: the location of a family member’s financial accounts.
- Q3: if a family member has been working with a financial planner or other financial professional.
- Q4: if family members or friends can be paid for caregiving.
- Q5: how caregiving may impact your own finances.
- Q6: what tax deductions are available to cut care costs.
- Q7: about sources of money from government programs that a family member is eligible for such as Veterans Affairs and Military Benefits, Social Security Disability, etc.
- Q8: about sources of money from life and long term care insurance policies.
- Q9: about sources of money from retirement accounts.
- Q10: about care budgeting and planning.
- Q11: the options when there is not enough money to provide care.
- Q12: the differences between Medicare, Medicare Advantage, and Medicaid programs (eligibility, benefits, providers, costs, etc.).