| HbA1c | glycated hemoglobin |
| DKD | diabetic kidney disease |
| rHuEPO | recombinant human erythropoietin |
| PSM | propensity score matching |
| GLU | blood glucose |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| RA | renal anemia |
| ESAs | erythropoiesis-stimulating agents |
| HIF-PHIs | hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors |
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