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. 2026 Apr 9;14(4):864. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14040864
AA Alopecia areata
AR Androgen receptor
AGA Androgenetic alopecia
APCP AP Collagen Peptide
5ARIs 5α-reductase inhibitors
CH Collagen hydrolysate
DP Dermal papilla
DPCs Dermal papilla cells
DHT Dihydrotestosterone
DCs Dendritic cells
ECM Extracellular matrix
FGF Fibroblast growth factor
FPHL Female-pattern hair loss
HFs Hair follicles
hHFs Human hair follicles
HFSCs Hair follicle stem cells
GSCPs Globefish skin collagen peptides
GSCPs-MNs Globefish skin collagen peptides with dissolving microneedles
hDPCs Human dermal papilla cells
HM Hair matrix
IF Immunofluorescence
LH Luteinizing hormone
LLLT Low-level laser therapy
LMWCP Low-molecular-weight collagen peptides
PRP Platelet-Rich Plasm
PTHrP Parathyroid hormone-related peptide
SKPs Skin-derived precursors
Tregs Regulatory T cells
TE Telogen effluvium
TGF-β Transforming growth factor-β
TCM Traditional Chinese medicine
THSD4 Thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 4
VIP Vasoactive intestinal peptide
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
WB Western blot