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. 2026 Apr 2;16(2):54. doi: 10.3390/audiolres16020054
CI/s Cochlear implant/s—implanted prosthesis of any brand that bypasses the damaged portion of the cochlea. When the external processor is connected, it provides a sense of sound [18,92]
HA/s Hearing aids
HL Hearing loss/hearing impairment—any level of loss, one or both ears, caused by any aetiology, treated or untreated
LDA/s Late-deafened adults, typical hearing people who experienced HL in later life
QoL Quality of life—including aspects of social wellbeing, emotional and physical health, communication, autonomy, and social integration
CIQoL Cochlear Implant Quality of Life [51]
Gold-MSI Goldsmith’s Musical Sophistication Index [55]
MuRQoL Music-Related Quality of Life [93]