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. 2026 Apr 10;15(4):470. doi: 10.3390/antiox15040470
FASD Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
ROS Reactive oxygen species
FAS Fetal alcohol syndrome
ARND Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
ARBD Alcohol-related birth defects
PAE Prenatal ethanol exposure
ND-PAE Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure
NCCs Neural crest cells
Nrf2/Keap1 Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
PI3K/Akt Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein kinase B
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
Wnt/β-catenin Wingless/Integrated/β-catenin
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase 
MEOS Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system
CYP2E1 Cytochrome P450 2E1
NOX NADPH oxidase
SOD Superoxide dismutase
GPx Glutathione peroxidase
CAT Catalase
GSH Glutathione
MDA Malondialdehyde
NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
tBHQ Tert-butylhydroquinone
SFN Sulforaphane
CaMKII Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
MPT Mitochondrial permeability transition
8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
JNK C-Jun N-terminal kinase
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
IκB Inhibitor of κB
IKK IκB kinase
EGCG Epigallocatechin gallate
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
CBD Cannabidiol
D3T 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione