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. 2026 Apr 17;16(8):1207. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16081207
ACMG American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
AD Autosomal dominant
AR Autosomal recessive
ASD Atrial septal defect
CO Cryptorchidism
CFD Craniofacial dysmorphism
DSPc Dual-Specificity Phosphatase, catalytic domain
FH Familial hypercholesterolemia
GDP Guanosine diphosphate
GTP Guanosine triphosphate
HCM Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HGMD Human Gene Mutation Database
HGVS Human Genome Variation Society
ID Intellectual disability
LVNC Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
NGS Next-generation sequencing
NS Noonan syndrome
NSML Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, formerly known as LEOPARD syndrome
OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
OS Ostium secundum
PCR-RFLP Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
PDA Patent ductus arteriosus
PH Pulmonary hypertension
PTPN11 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
PVS Pulmonary valve stenosis
RAS/MAPK Rat Sarcoma-/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
RBBB Right bundle branch block
STJ Sinotubular junction
VUS Variant of uncertain significance