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. 2026 Apr 19;16(8):1220. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16081220
CIS carcinoma in situ
aOR adjusted odds ratio
ASC-H atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude HSIL
ASC-US atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
ASCCP American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology
CI confidence interval
CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CIN2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2, CIN3, or carcinoma in situ)
CIN3+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3 or carcinoma in situ)
ECC endocervical curettage
EU European Union
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
GLOBOCAN Global Cancer Observatory cancer incidence and mortality database
HPV human papillomavirus
hrHPV high-risk human papillomavirus
HSIL high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
LSIL low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
NILM negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy
R R statistical computing environment
SCJ squamocolumnar junction
SD standard deviation
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
STROBE Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology
TZ transformation zone
TZ3 type 3 transformation zone
WHO World Health Organization