| ACC | acetyl-CoA carboxylase |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| AICAR | 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ATG | autophagy-related |
| Cd | cadmium |
| CQ | chloroquine diphosphate |
| DAPI | 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| HD | Huntington’s disease |
| LC3 | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 |
| MDC | monodansylcadaverine |
| PARP | poly ADP-ribose polymerase |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| PDL | poly-D-lysine |
| TUNEL | the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling. |