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. 2026 Apr 1;17(4):379. doi: 10.3390/insects17040379
4-HNE 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
AChE Acetylcholinesterase
ANOVA Analysis of variance
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
AU Arbitrary units
BCA Bicinchoninic acid (BCA protein assay)
BLASTx Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (translated nucleotide search)
BP Biological Process
CarE Carboxylesterase
CarEs Carboxylesterases
CAT Catalase
CC Cellular Component
cDNA Complementary DNA
CoA Coenzyme A
CRYAA Alpha-crystallin A chain (αA-crystallin)
CYP450 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase
CYP450s Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases
DAVID Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery
DEGs Differentially expressed genes
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
FAR Fatty acyl-CoA reductase
FARwat Fatty acyl-CoA reductase wat
FDR False discovery rate
FPKM Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GeneRatio Gene ratio (enrichment output metric)
GO Gene Ontology
GraphPad GraphPad Prism (software)
GST Glutathione S-transferase
GST-like Glutathione S-transferase-like
GSTs Glutathione S-transferases
GTF Gene Transfer Format (GTF annotation file)
HNE 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)
HSC70 Heat shock cognate 70
HSC70-4 Heat shock cognate 70-4
HSD Honestly significant difference
HSP Heat shock protein(s)
HSP20 Heat shock protein 20
HSPs Heat shock proteins
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
l(2)efl Lethal (2) essential for life
MDA Malondialdehyde
MF Molecular Function
NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
NO Nitric oxide
nt Nucleotide(s)
OH Hydroxyl radical
ONOO Peroxynitrite (ONOO−)
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PANTHER Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships
PCA Principal component analysis
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PER Proboscis extension response
Pfam Protein families database (Pfam)
PMP34 Peroxisomal membrane protein 34 (PMP34)
qPCR Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
qRT-PCR Quantitative reverse transcription PCR
RefSeq Reference Sequence (NCBI RefSeq database)
RH Relative humidity
RNA Ribonucleic acid
RNA-seq RNA sequencing
RNS Reactive nitrogen species
ROO Peroxyl radical
RPKM Reads per kilobase per million mapped reads
RSeQC RNA-seq Quality Control (RSeQC package)
RT-PCR Reverse transcription PCR
RT-qPCR Quantitative reverse transcription PCR
SD Standard deviation
SE Standard error
SEM Standard error of the mean
SOD Superoxide dismutase
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
STAR Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference
StringTie StringTie (transcript assembler)
SUPERFAMILY SUPERFAMILY database
SWISS-PROT UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot curated protein database
SYBR SYBR Green (fluorescent dye used in qPCR)
TPM Transcripts per million
TransDecoder TransDecoder (coding region prediction tool)
TransGen TransGen Biotech (reagent manufacturer)
UV Ultraviolet