| EMO | Emodin |
| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| CIA | Collagen-induced arthritis |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta |
| MTX | Methotrexate |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-kappa B |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| ANG-1 | Angiopoietin-1 |
| NSAIDs | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| TCM | Traditional Chinese medicine |
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