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. 2026 Apr 13;27(8):3486. doi: 10.3390/ijms27083486
AN Acid Number
BHT Butylated Hydroxytoluene
DDSs Drug Delivery Systems
EN Ester value
PhEur European Pharmacopoeia
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FTIR Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
GC Gas Chromatography
GC-MS Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
GI Gastrointestinal
GRAS Generally Recognized as Safe
HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
IHC International Honey Commission
JP Japanese Pharmacopoeia
LD50 Median Lethal Dose
LDL Low-Density Lipoprotein
MCT Medium Chain Triglycerides
mRNA Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
NLCs Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
O/W Oil-in-Water
PDI Polydispersity Index
PVA Polyvinyl Alcohol
SLNs Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
SN Saponification Number
TEWL Transepidermal Water Loss
TGF-β1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1
USP United States Pharmacopeia
VEGF-α Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Alpha
W/O Water-in-Oil