Table 1. Classification of 2,135 athletes on the basis of four different serum [Na+] and three different states of hydration after racing.
| Category | Hypernatremia | Normonatremia | Biochemical hyponatremia | Clinically significant hyponatremia | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overhydration | |||||
| n | 11 | 151 | 44 | 25 | 231 |
| % [Na+] group | 4 | 9 | 36 | 81 | – |
| % BW group | 5 | 65 | 19 | 11 | – |
| % total | 0.5 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 11 |
| Euhydration | |||||
| n | 100 | 680 | 41 | 6 | 827 |
| % [Na+] group | 37 | 40 | 33 | 19 | – |
| % BW group | 12 | 82 | 5 | 1 | – |
| % total | 5 | 32 | 2 | 0.5 | 39 |
| Dehydration | |||||
| n | 158 | 881 | 38 | 0 | 1,077 |
| % [Na+] group | 59 | 51 | 31 | 0 | – |
| % BW group | 15 | 82 | 3 | 0 | – |
| % total | 7 | 41 | 2 | 0 | 50 |
| Total | |||||
| n | 269 | 1,712 | 123 | 31 | 2,135 |
| % total | 13 | 80 | 6 | 1 | 100 |
Values listed for “% BW group” refer to percentages of the groups of athletes categorized as overhydration, euhydration, and dehydration, which are defined as changes in fluid level of less than +0%, between –3% and +0.01%, and more than –3%, respectively. BW, body weight. Values listed for “% [Na+]” refer to percentages of the groups of athletes categorized as hypernatremia, normonatremia, biochemical hyponatremia, and clinically significant hyponatremia, which are defined as >145, 135–144.9, 129–134.9, and <128.9 mmol/liter [Na+], respectively. Values for “% total” are percentages of the total group of 2,135 athletes.