• Why are we missing ASD in females at early ages? Do females show symptoms on the same developmental time course as males and our current ascertainment process is not picking up their concerns, or do females show a different trajectory of autism symptom onset?

• Are there sex-specific genes that contribute to the risk for and progression of ASD?

• Which biological models help explain sex differences in the autism phenotype?

• Are there sexually dimorphic brain regions and brain-behavior associations?

• Do we need different sets of criteria and cutoffs for females compared with males? How would we establish that need?

• How can we shift the current ascertainment, diagnosis, and intervention system to more comprehensively identify and address the range of concerns that present in females?

• What would intervention look like for females who do not fit the traditional diagnostic criteria if we are able to identify them early?

• What interventions would be most helpful for late-diagnosed females and males?

ASD, autism spectrum disorder.