| ADHD | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| ADI-R | Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised |
| ADOS-2 | Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule |
| ADOS-T | Toddler Module of ADOS-2 |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| ASD | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| AUC | Area Under the Curve |
| BCI | Brain–Computer Interface |
| ciPLV | Corrected Imaginary Phase Locking Value |
| CNN | Convolutional Neural Network |
| DFA | Detrended Fluctuation Analysis |
| DL | Deep Learning |
| DQ | Developmental Quotient |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition |
| DT | Decision Tree |
| EEG | Electroencephalography |
| ELI5 | Explain Like I’m 5 |
| ERP | Event-Related Potential |
| FER | Facial Emotion Recognition |
| GLM | Generalized Linear Model |
| Grad-CAM | Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping |
| HL | High Likelihood |
| Hybrid CNN-ResNet-BiLSTM | Convolutional Neural Network—Residual Network—Bidirectional |
| Long Short-Term Memory | |
| ICD-10 | International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision |
| ICNN | Interpretable Convolutional Neural Network |
| IQ | Intelligence Quotient |
| ISAA | Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism |
| KBIT-2 | Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test—Second Edition |
| k-NN | k-Nearest Neighbors |
| Leiter-3 | Leiter International Performance Scale—Third Edition |
| LL | Low Likelihood |
| LRP | Layer-wise Relevance Propagation |
| LRP-B | Layer-wise Relevance Propagation—Beta rule |
| LSTM | Long Short-Term Memory |
| ML | Machine Learning |
| MSEL | Mullen Scales of Early Learning |
| NN | Neural Network |
| PLV | Phase Locking Value |
| PSD | Power Spectral Density |
| RF | Random Forest |
| ROAR | Remove And Retrain |
| SHAP | SHapley Additive exPlanations |
| SIRT | Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique |
| SVM | Support Vector Machine |
| TD | Typically Developing |
| TFSNet | Time–Frequency Synergy Network |
| TPJ | Temporal Parietal Junction |
| VGCN | Visible Graph Convolutional Network |
| VR | Virtual Reality |
| WAIS-III | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition |
| WHC | Weighted Hierarchical Complexity |
| XAI | Explainable Artificial Intelligence |