Cx	Connexins
HCs	hemichannels
Cx43	Connexin 43
p-Cx43	phosphorylated connexin 43
TBI	traumatic brain injury
SCI	spinal cord injury
PNI	peripheral nerve injury
Cx36	Connexin 36
Cx32	Connexin 32
Cx47	Connexin 47
Cx30	Connexin 30
Cx29	Connexin 29
Cx26	Connexin 26
Cx37	Connexin 37
Cx40	Connexin 40
Cx45	Connexin 45
Cx50	Connexin 50
GJs	Gap junctions
CL	intracellular loop
NTH	N-terminal helices
CSD	cortical spreading depolarization
NVU	Neurovascular unit
MCAO	middle cerebral artery occlusion
pMCAO	permanent MCAO
dMCAO	distal MCAO
OGD-R	oxygen–glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation
ICH	intracerebral hemorrhage
SAH	subarachnoid hemorrhage
NO	nitric oxide
PKC	protein kinase C
CBX	carbenoxolone
AS-ODN	antisense oligodeoxynucleotides
siRNA	small interfering RNA
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
BBB	blood–brain barrier
AQP4	aquaporin-4
MLKL	mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
SVZ	subventricular zone
rtPA	recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
SNP	single nucleotide polymorphism
PNS	peripheral nervous system
CNS	central nervous system
EE	enriched environment
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
YAP	Yes-associated protein
CRTC1	CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1
H/R	hypoxia/re-oxygenation
hUCB	human umbilical cord blood cells
TXL	Tongxinluo
BMP2/4	bone morphogenetic proteins 2/4
BMSCs	bone marrow stromal cells
NPCs	neural progenitor cells
GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein
ACKR3	atypical chemokine receptor 3
I/R	ischemia/reperfusion
CVS	cerebral vasospasm
BCAS	bilateral carotid artery stenosis
GAD67	glutamate decarboxylase 67
α7-nAChR	α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
NOS	nitric oxide synthases
VHL	Von Hippel–Lindau
S368	serine 368
PTZ	pentylenetetrazol
ROS	reactive oxygen species
GLT-1	glutamate transporter-1
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
NAC	N-acetylcysteine
GSH	glutathione
MDA	malondialdehyde
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
OxATP	oxidized ATP
LTP	long-term potentiation
3-MA	3-methyladenine
NSCs	neural stem cells
αCT1	α-connexin carboxyl-terminal peptide
CCI	cortical impact
FPI	fluid percussion injury
GJA1-20K	20-kDa isoform of gap junction alpha-1 protein
GS-Rb1	ginsenoside Rb1
H2	molecular hydrogen
NSPCs	neural stem/progenitor cells
P2X7	purinergic receptor P2X7
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
SLC7A11	solute carrier family 7 member 11
GPX4	glutathione peroxidase 4
4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal
HBO	hyperbaric oxygen therapy
HF-rTMS	high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Sig-1R	sigma-1 receptor
GlyT2	glycine transporter 2
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
epSPCs	ependymal spinal cord progenitor cells
DRG	dorsal root ganglion
SGCs	satellite glial cells
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
miR-1	microRNA-1
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3
SARM1	sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1
PSNL	partial sciatic nerve ligation
SNL	spinal nerve ligation
CFA	complete Freund’s adjuvant
CIPN	chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
COMP-Ang1	cartilage oligomeric matrix protein–angiopoietin-1
TRPA1	transient receptor potential ankyrin 1
GluK2	ionotropic kainate receptor 2
IMPs	intramembranous particles
MAM	mitochondrial-associated membrane
A2AR	adenosine A2A receptors
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ	amyloid-beta
MFN2	mitofusin-2
ApoE	Apolipoprotein E
OPCs	Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
CD73	ecto-5′-nucleotidase
4-PBA	4-phenylbutyric acid
PD	Parkinson’s disease
SNpc	Substantia nigra pars compacta
α-syn	α-synuclein
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
6-OHDA	6-hydroxydopamine
GDNF	glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
bFGF	basic fibroblast growth factor
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
LID	levodopa-induced dyskinesia
PV+	parvalbumin-positive
ENK+	enkephalin-positive
Ca2+	calcium ion
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
SOD1	superoxide dismutase 1
SOD1-G93A	glycine-to-alanine substitution at position 93 of SOD1
GJA1	Gap junction protein alpha 1
EAAT2	Excitatory amino acid transporter 2
iPSC	induced pluripotent stem cell
GAP19	Connexin 43 hemichannel inhibitory peptide
HD	Huntington’s disease
mHTT	mutant huntingtin
PolyQ	Polyglutamine expansion
CN	caudate nucleus
GP	globus pallidus
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
JAK2	Janus kinase 2
CORT	corticosterone
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
IL	interleukin
CUS	chronic unpredictable stress
PFC	prefrontal cortex
CSDS	chronic social defeat stress
BD	Bipolar disorder
ZTP	zotepine
Akt	protein kinase B
CACNA1C	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C
Sox9	SRY-box transcription factor 9
ACC	anterior cingulate cortex