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. 2026 Apr 23;18:594341. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S594341

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© 2026 Jin et al.

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Diagram illustrating relationships between coping, support and frailty factors. The diagram presents a model exploring the interactions between negative dyadic coping, social support and oral frailty. At the top, an unlabeled node leads to a rectangle labeled 'Negative Dyadic Coping' with a path coefficient of 0.79. This node connects to 'Social Support' with a coefficient of 0.89 and to 'Oral Frailty' with a coefficient of 0.35. 'Social Support' is centrally positioned, linking to 'Objective Support' (0.91), 'Subjective Support' (0.95) and 'Utilization of Supported Features' (0.86). Each of these elements has a circular node below them labeled e5, e6 and an unclear label, respectively, with coefficients 0.82, 0.89 and 0.74. Additionally, 'Social Support' connects directly to 'Oral Frailty' with a negative coefficient of -0.85. 'Oral Frailty' is centrally located and connects to five elements: 'Oral Health-Related Behaviors' (0.72), 'Chewing Ability' (0.68), 'Function of Deglutition' (0.68), 'Dentures?' (0.77) and 'Engagement' (0.64). Each of these elements has a circular node below them labeled e8, e9, an unclear label and e12, respectively, with coefficients 0.13, 0.46, 0.46, 0.59 and 0.14. Above 'Oral Frailty,' a circular node labeled e9 connects downward with a coefficient of 1.31. The diagram visually represents the relationships and mediating effects between these variables, highlighting the complex interplay of factors influencing oral health. — Mediation model of negative dyadic coping in social support and oral frailty.