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. 2026 Mar 25;19(4):532. doi: 10.3390/ph19040532
Abbreviations Name
ACEIs Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
AGEs Advanced glycation end products
ALB Albiflorin
AMY Amygdalin
Ang II Angiotensin II
APD Action potential duration
ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers
AREs Antioxidant response elements
AS Atherosclerosis
CHD Coronary heart disease
CPBEB Core set for the promotion of blood circulation and the elimination of blood stasis
CPT1 Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
CRQRP Core set for the regulation of qi and the relief of pain
CVDs Cardiovascular diseases
EndMT Endothelial–mesenchymal transition
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
ERβ Estrogen receptor β
ET-1 Endothelin-1
FA Ferulic acid
FASN Fatty acid synthase
FFAs Free fatty acids
FNT Formononetin
FXR Farnesoid X receptor
Gas6 Growth arrest-specific protein 6
GIP Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GM Gut microbiota
GRo Ginsenoside Ro
GSDMD Gasdermin D
HATs Histone acetyltransferases
HCAECs Human coronary artery endothelial cells
Hcy Homocysteine
HDACs Histone deacetylases
HFD High-fat diet
HK1 Hexokinase 1
HSD Hesperidin
HSYA Hydroxysafflor yellow A
I/R Ischemia–reperfusion
ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
ISL Isoliquiritigenin
LIQ Liquiritin
lncRNA Long noncoding RNA
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
LTG Liquiritigenin
MAFLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
MDH1 Malate dehydrogenase 1
MHC II Major histocompatibility complex class II
MI Myocardial infarction
MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases
MPO Myeloperoxidase
MPT Mitochondrial permeability transition
mPTP Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
NAR Naringin
NETs Neutrophil extracellular traps
NHP Neohesperidin
NOB Nobiletin
NR Narirutin
NRG Naringenin
ox-LDL Oxidized low-density lipoprotein
PAF Platelet-activating factor
p-ASK1 Phosphorylated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
PD Platycodin D
PDGF Platelet-derived growth factor
PDI Protein disulfide isomerase
PF Paeoniflorin
PKA Protein kinase A
PKC Protein kinase C
PLCγ2 Phospholipase Cγ2
PYGL Glycogen phosphorylase L
RAAS Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
ROF Rhoifolin
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids
SOCE Store-operated calcium entry
SphK1/2 Sphingosine kinases 1/2
SR Sarcoplasmic reticulum
SR-A Scavenger receptor-A
SSa Saikosaponin A
TCM Traditional Chinese medicine
Th1 T helper 1
TLRs Toll-like receptors
TMA Trimethylamine
TMAO Trimethylamine N-oxide
VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
VLDL Very-low-density lipoprotein
VSMCs Vascular smooth muscle cells
vWF von Willebrand factor
XFZYD Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction
β-ECD β-ecdysterone