| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscope |
| CCLs | Copper-Clad Laminates |
| TSMC | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company |
| CTE | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
| PPE | Polyphenylene Ether |
| CIE | Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage |
| XRD | X-ray Diffraction |
| EDS | Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy |
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