Skip to main content
. 2026 Apr 7;19(4):586. doi: 10.3390/ph19040586
P.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis
A.a. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
T.d. Treponema denticola
PLI Plaque index
BOP Bleeding on probing
CAL Clinical attachment level
SRP Scaling and root planning
GI Gingival index
PPD Periodontal pocket depth
CHX Chlorhexidine
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor α
IL-1β Interleukin-1β
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-17 Interleukin-17
RANKL Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor κB Ligand
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
qRT-PCR quality Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
HE Hematoxylin–Eosin
DPX Dibutylphthalate Polystyrene Xylene
SD Standard Deviation
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
LLLT Low-level laser therapy