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. 2026 Apr 9;18(8):921. doi: 10.3390/polym18080921
a/d Shear span-to-effective depth ratio
Afv Cross-sectional area of FRP transverse reinforcement
bw Beam web width
CFRP Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
CNR-DT 203-06 Italian National Research Council Guideline for FRP Reinforcement
CSA S806-12 Canadian Standard for Design and Construction of Building Structures with FRP
COV Coefficient of Variation
d Effective depth of beam
dv Effective shear depth
DFb Deformability factor of beams
Eb Energy absorption capacity of beam
Ec Modulus of elasticity of concrete
Ef Modulus of elasticity of longitudinal FRP reinforcement
Efv Modulus of elasticity of FRP stirrup
Es Modulus of elasticity of steel
fc Compressive strength of concrete
ffuv Ultimate tensile strength of FRP stirrup
ffv Stress in FRP transverse reinforcement
FRP Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
GFRP Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
GRNN Generalized Regression Neural Network
h Total height of beam
ISIS-M03-07 ISIS Canada Design Manual No. 3 for FRP Reinforcement
ka Arch action factor
kd Neutral axis depth ratio (ACI)/size effect factor (CNR)
km Moment-shear interaction factor
kr Longitudinal reinforcement stiffness factor
ks Size effect factor
Mf Factored bending moment
nf Modular ratio (Ef/Ec)
Pb Ultimate load capacity
RC Reinforced Concrete
s Stirrup spacing
STD Standard Deviation
Vc Concrete contribution to shear strength
Vc,act Actual concrete shear contribution
Vc,p Predicted concrete shear contribution
Vexp Experimental shear strength
Vf,act Actual shear force resisted by FRP stirrups
Vfrp FRP stirrup contribution to shear strength
Vn Nominal shear strength (Vc + Vfrp)
θ Inclination angle of main shear crack
ρf Longitudinal reinforcement ratio
ρfb Balanced reinforcement ratio
σN Axial normal stress
ε1 Longitudinal reinforcement strain
εfv,n Nominal strain of FRP stirrup
ϕc Concrete resistance factor
ϕf FRP resistance factor
γk Model Precision Coefficient