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. 2026 Mar;60(1):19–42. doi: 10.15644/asc60/1/2

Table 2. Descriptive information of the twenty five included studies.

Study characteristics Population characteristics Intervention characteristics
Author
Year
Country
Age Mean (years) % Female TMD Diagnostic Type of pain TMD Scale Intervention (n of cases) Control
(n of controls)
Follow-up (n post-baseline) Measure of effect (VAS scale) Measure of effect (MIO scale)
Batabyal et al.
2023
India
37,91 55 TMD Symptoms Arthralgia Platelet-Rich Plasma (30) Lidocaíne + Triamcinolone (30) 2 -1,42 (-2,00; -0,84) 1,49 (0,99; 196)
1.Yapıcı-Yavuz et al.
2018
Turkey
86,36 Non-reducing disc displacement of the TMJ Arthralgia RDC/TMD Arthrocentesis + intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (11) Arthrocentesis (11) 4 -0,19 (-0,73; 0,36) 0,01 (-0,44; 0,46)
2.Yapıcı-Yavuz et al.
2018
Turkey
86,36 Non-reducing disc displacement of the TMJ Arthralgia RDC/TMD Arthrocentesis + intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone acetate (11) Arthrocentesis (11) 4 0,13 (-0,41; 0,68) -0,11 (-0,57; 0,34)
3.Yapıcı-Yavuz et al.
2018
Turkey
86,36 Non-reducing disc displacement of the TMJ Arthralgia RDC/TMD Arthrocentesis + intra-articular injection of tenoxicam (11) Arthrocentesis (11) 4 -0,01 (-0,55; 0,53) -0,23 (-0,68; 0,22)
1.Martins et al.
2023
Brasil
34,55 91,6 Sintomas de DTM, estadios III ou IV de Wilkes Wilkes classification Arthroscopy + intra-articular injection of 2 mg dexamethasone (24) Arthroscopy (12) 3 -0,47 (-1,05; 0,11) 0,43 (-0,06; 0,92)
2.Martins et al.
2023
Brasil
34,55 91,6 TMD Symptoms, III ou IV stages of Wilkes Wilkes classification Arthroscopy + intra-articular injection of 4 mg dexamethasone (24) Arthroscopy (12) 3 -0,88 (-1,47; -0,29) 0,35 (-0,14; 0,84)
1.Dalewski et al.
2019
Poland
30,73 80 Myofascial pain Myalgia Interocclusal splint + nimesulide (30) Interocclusal splint (30) 1 1,02 (0,56; 1,48)
2.Dalewski et al.
2019
Poland
30,73 80 Myofascial pain Myalgia Interocclusal splint + dry needling therapy (30) Interocclusal splint (30) 1 -0,83 (-1,29; -0,38)
1.Tepecik et al.
2024
Turkey
36,30 100 Disc displacement without reduction Arthralgia DC/TMD Arthrocentesis + intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (29) Interocclusal splint (30) 2 -0,69 (-1,22; -0,16) 0,11 (-0,33; 0,55)
2.Tepecik et al.
2024
Turkey
36,30 100 Disc displacement without reduction Arthralgia DC/TMD Intra-articular injection of iPRF (29) Interocclusal splint (30) 2 -0,36 (-0,89; 0,17) -0,12 (-0,55; 0,32)
Pereira et al.
2021
Brasil
43,91 100 Muscular TMD Myalgia DC/TMD Ozone therapy (25) Cyclobenzaprine + nimesulide (23) 2 -3,30 (-4,04; -2,55) 1,34 (0,82; 1,87)
Tchivileva et al.
2020
USA
34,05 77,5 Muscular TMD Myalgia DC/TMD Propanolol (100) Placebo (99) 1 -0,74 (-1,03; -0,45) -0,02 (-0,30; 0,26)
1.Bechir et al.
2018
Romania
50,50 56,1 Muscular TMD Myalgia DC/TMD Low level laser therapy (42) Fastum gel + Clorzoxazone (40) 7 -0,59 (-1,04; -0,13) 1,04 (0,68; 1,40)
2.Bechir et al.
2018
Romania
50,50 56,1 Muscular TMD Myalgia DC/TMD Low level laser therapy + Fastum gel + Clorzoxazone (41) Fastum gel + Clorzoxazone (40) 7 -0,83 (-1,29; -0,37) 1,63 (1,26; 1,99)
Venepally et al.
2018
India
32,43 50 Myofascial pain Myalgia Laskin’s criteria, 1969 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (20) Aceclofenac + Paracetamol + Tizanidine (20) 4 -0,83 (-1,37; -0,29)
Gibaly et al.
2024
Egypt
31,78 62,5 Temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement, Wilkes stage II Artralgia Wilkes classification Deep dry needling + Dextrose (20) Deep dry needling (20) 4 -0,36 (-0,90; 0,17) 0,99 (0,54; 1,44)
Mosleh et al.
2021
Egypt
27,15 70,83 Anteriorly non reducing disc displacement, Wilkes stage III Arthralgia + Myalgia Wilkes classification Arthrocentesis plus intra-articular injection of azithromycin (12) Arthrocentesis + intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone acetate ednisolona (12) 2 -0,05 (-0,73; 0,64) -0,21 (-0,80; 0,38)
Chandra et al.
2021
India
30,50 40,90 TMD Symptoms Arthralgia Intra-articular injection of PRP (22) Arthrocentesis (22) 4 -0,46 (-0,98; 0,07) 0,35 (-0,08; 0,78)
1.Đorđević et al.
2019
Serbia
38,30 84,10 TMD Symptoms Arthralgia Interocclusal splint (20) Ibuprofeno (16) 1 -0,34 (-1,00; 0,32)
2.Đorđević et al.
2019
Serbia
38,30 84,10 TMD Symptoms Arthralgia Interocclusal splint (20) Diazepam (8) 1 -0,29 (-1,12; 0,53)
1.Bilici et al.
2018
Turkey
Myofascial pain and Internal Derangement Arthralgia + Myalgia RDC/TMD Interocclusal splint plus intra-articular injection of lidocaine (3 times on alternate days) (12) Interocclusal splint (29) 2 -2,84 (-3,59; -2,10)
2.Bilici et al.
2018
Turkey
Myofascial pain and Internal Derangement Arthralgia + Myalgia RDC/TMD Interocclusal splint plus intra-articular injection of lidocaine (3 times, once a week) (15) Interocclusal splint (29) 2 0,35 (-0,27; 0,96)
Isacsson et al.
2018
Sweden
52,00 81,50 TMD Symptoms Arthralgia DC/TMD Arthrocentesis + intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone acetate ednisolona (27) Saline solution (27) 1 -0,25 (-0,78; 0,29)
Ferreira et al.
2023
Brasil
39,24 96,15 TMD Symptoms Arthralgia + Myalgia DC/TMD Duloxetine (40) Placebo (38) 1 0,63 (0,18; 1,09)
Mosleh et al.
2024
Egypt
88,33 TMD Symptoms, II, III ou IV stages of Wilkes Wilkes classification Arthrocentesis plus intra-articular injection of MESNA (30) Arthrocentesis + intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (30) 4 -3,62 (-4,23; -3,01) 1,13 (0,72; 1,55)

Abbreviations: iPRF – Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin; PRP – Platelet-Rich Plasma; RDC/TMD – Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders; DC/TMD – Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders; MESNA – Pharmacological agent (Active ingredient: synthetic sulfhydryl compound).