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. 2026 Mar 26;11(4):e00884-25. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00884-25

Fig 3.

Fluorescence microscopy reveals PfNUP116-GFPDD protein exclusively in PfAP2-G-positive sexual ring parasites but not in asexual rings. Graphs show increased co-expression in sexual rings under induced conditions compared to uninduced controls.

PfNUP116 is specifically expressed in sexual but not asexual ring stage parasites. (A) Top: Schematic illustration of the modified pfnup116 and pfap2-g loci in NF54/NUP116-GFPDD/AP2-G-HAmSc parasites. Bottom: Representative live cell fluorescence images showing expression of PfNUP116-GFPDD specifically in PfAP2-G-HAmSc-positive sexual ring stages (sR) but not in asexual ring stages (asR). DNA was stained with Hoechst. DIC, differential interference contrast. Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Quantification of PfAP2-G-HAmSc and PfNUP116-GFPDD co-expression in the late-ring stage progeny of NF54/NUP116-GFPDD/AP2-G-HAmSc parasites that were not induced (mFA + CC) or induced for sexual commitment (mFA). Values represent the mean of three independent biological replicates, and error bars represent the standard deviation. sR, sexual ring stages (PfAP2-G-HAmSc-positive); asR, asexual ring stages (PfAP2-G-HAmSc-negative); CC, choline chloride.