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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 29.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2026 Apr;73(4):1679–1693. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2025.3613471

TABLE I.

Baseline characteristics of the Pulsewatch clinical trial and AF trial participants.

Clinical Trial AF Trial
Age (years) (SD) 65.33 (±9.08) 71.86 (±6.69)
Female (%) 41.67% 38.10%
Race, non-white (%) 11.67% 9.52%
Mean ECG AF burden per subject (%) (SD)
Confirmed AF subjects, burden reported by Cardea Solo ECG

3.60% (±1.55%)

52.28% (±22.40%)
Mean clean PPG ratio per subject (%) (SD) 16.17% (±13.10%) 31.71% (±12.69%)
Mean PPG rhythm burden per subject on clean PPG (%) (SD) NSR 86.72% (±30.60%) 8.19% (±23.67%)
AF 1.68% (±12.80%) 91.57% (±24.40%)
PAC/PVC 11.60% (±28.46%) 0.24% (±0.74%)
Mean ECG heart rate on clean PPG (BPM) (SD) NSR 69.59 (±13.79) 62.00 (±17.75)
AF 82.57 (±7.29) 77.40 (±12.02)
PAC/PVC 67.84 (±7.64) 77.77 (±12.32)