Table 2.
Characteristics of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cases and Controls in Los Angeles County, California (2000–2015).
| ALL Cases (n = 125) | Controls (n = 219) | P (χ2)1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s birth year | 0.99 | ||
| 2000–2004 | 50 (40.0%) | 84 (38.4%) | |
| 2005–2009 | 43 (34.4%) | 72 (32.9%) | |
| 2010–2015 | 32 (25.6%) | 63 (28.7%) | |
| Child’s age at blood collection (hours) | 0.21 | ||
| <24 | 30 (24.0%) | 61 (27.8%) | |
| ≥24 & ≤48 | 73 (58.4%) | 118 (53.9%) | |
| >48 | 22 (17.6%) | 38 (17.4%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Child’s sex | 0.07 | ||
| Male | 67 (53.6%) | 99 (45.2%) | |
| Female | 58 (46.4%) | 120 (54.8%) | |
| Child’s race/ethnicity | 0.33 | ||
| White | 22 (17.6%) | 44 (20.1%) | |
| Hispanic | 92 (73.6%) | 152 (69.4%) | |
| Other or unknown | 11 (8.8%) | 23 (10.5%) | |
| Birth order | 0.62 | ||
| First child | 53 (42.4%) | 88 (40.2%) | |
| Second child | 41 (32.8%) | 70 (32.0%) | |
| Third or more | 31 (24.8%) | 61 (27.9%) | |
| Total children ever born | 0.54 | ||
| One | 53 (42.4%) | 87 (39.7%) | |
| Two | 40 (32.0%) | 69 (31.5%) | |
| Three | 18 (14.4%) | 39 (17.8%) | |
| Four or more | 14 (11.2%) | 23 (10.5%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Delivery method | 0.83 | ||
| Vaginal | 87 (69.6%) | 136 (62.1%) | |
| Cesarean | 38 (30.4%) | 83 (37.9%) | |
| History of miscarriage | 0.61 | ||
| No | 106 (84.8%) | 190 (86.7%) | |
| Yes | 19 (15.2%) | 28 (12.8%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Maternal age (years) | 0.04 | ||
| <25 | 36 (28.8%) | 72 (32.9%) | |
| ≥25 & <35 | 65 (52.0%) | 107 (48.9%) | |
| ≥35 | 24 (19.2%) | 40 (18.3%) | |
| Paternal age (years) | 0.52 | ||
| <25 | 18 (14.4%) | 46 (21.0%) | |
| ≥25 & <35 | 55 (44.0%) | 93 (42.5%) | |
| ≥35 | 52 (41.6%) | 80 (36.5%) | |
| Maternal education | 0.32 | ||
| High school or less | 62 (49.6%) | 120 (54.8%) | |
| Some college or more | 62 (49.6%) | 94 (42.9%) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.8%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Paternal education | 0.64 | ||
| High school or less | 58 (46.4%) | 112 (51.1%) | |
| Some college or more | 55 (44.0%) | 83 (37.9%) | |
| Missing | 12 (9.6%) | 24 (11.0%) | |
| Insurance for delivery | 0.03 | ||
| Private | 73 (58.4%) | 105 (47.9%) | |
| Public | 50 (40%) | 102 (46.6%) | |
| Other | <5 | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Mother’s country of birth | 0.72 | ||
| Mexico | 24 (19.2%) | 45 (20.5%) | |
| US 50 states | 74 (59.2%) | 138 (63.0%) | |
| Other countries | 23 (18.4%) | 24 (11.0%) | |
| Unknown | 4 (3.2%) | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Median census tract house value ($1000) | 0.68 | ||
| ≥10.0 & <142.8 | 26 (20.8%) | 53 (24.2%) | |
| ≥142.8 & <162.6 | 20 (16.0%) | 53 (24.2%) | |
| ≥162.6 & <197.7 | 40 (32.0%) | 53 (24.2%) | |
| ≥197.7 & ≤1000.0 | 38 (30.4%) | 54 (24.7%) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.8%) | 6 (2.7%) | |
| Water district | 0.85 | ||
| Unexposed water district | 73 (58.4%) | 105 (47.9%) | |
| CA Water Service East Los Angeles | 13 (10.4%) | 14 (6.4%) | |
| City of Downey Water Department | 7 (5.6%) | 15 (6.8%) | |
| Golden State Water Co—Norwalk | 7 (5.6%) | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Montebello Land & Water Co | 5 (4.0%) | 11 (5.0%) | |
| Orchard Dale Water District | <5 | 6 (2.7%) | |
| Park Water Co—Bellflower/Norwalk | <5 | 11 (5.0%0 | |
| City of Pico Rivera Water Department | <5 | 7 (3.2%) | |
| Pico Water District | <5 | 11 (5.0%) | |
| Santa Clarita Water Division | 5 (4.0%) | 15 (6.8%) | |
| Valencia Water Company | <5 | 12 (5.5%) |
p-values are from design-based ANOVA. Counts less than five for strata other than missing and unknown were suppressed.