Table 1. Risk of bias assessment for included studies.

Reference	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Total “Y”	Risk category
[43]	✓a	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓b
[44]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•c	✓	5	↓
[45]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[46]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[47]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[48]	✓	✓	✓	×d	×	✓	4	≈e
[49]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[50]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[51]	✓	✓	✓	×	•	✓	4	≈
[26]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[28]	✓	✓	✓	×	×	✓	4	≈
[52]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[53]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[54]	×	✓	✓	×	•	✓	3	≈
[55]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[56]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[57]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[30]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[58]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[59]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[22]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[60]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[61]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[62]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[63]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[23]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[64]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[65]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[66]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[67]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[29]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[68]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[69]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[70]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[31]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[71]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[72]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[73]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[74]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[75]	✓	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	5	↓
[76]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[77]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[78]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[79]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[80]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[81]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[82]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[83]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[32]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[84]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[85]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[86]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[87]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[88]	✓	✓	✓	×	•	✓	4	≈
[27]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[89]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[25]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[90]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[91]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[92]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[93]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[94]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[95]	✓	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	5	↓
[96]	✓	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	5	↓
[97]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[98]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[99]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[100]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[101]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[102]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[103]	✓	✓	✓	×	×	✓	4	≈
[104]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[20]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[105]	✓	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	5	↓
[106]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[21]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[107]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[108]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[109]	×	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	4	≈
[110]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[111]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[112]	×	✓	✓	×	×	✓	3	≈
[113]	×	✓	✓		×	✓	3	≈
[114]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[115]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[116]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[117]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[118]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[12]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[119]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[120]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[121]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[122]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[123]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[124]	×	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	4	≈
[125]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[126]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[127]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[128]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[129]	×	✓	✓	×	•	✓	3	≈
[130]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[131]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[132]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[133]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[134]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[135]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[136]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[137]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[138]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[139]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[140]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[141]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[142]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[143]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[144]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[145]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[146]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[147]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[148]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[149]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[150]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[151]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[152]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[153]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[154]	×	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	4	≈
[155]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[156]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[157]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[158]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[24]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[159]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[160]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[161]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[162]	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	5	↓
[163]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[164]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[165]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[166]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[167]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[168]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	6	↓
[169]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓
[170]	✓	✓	✓	✓	•	✓	5	↓

^a✓: Yes.

^b↓: Low risk of bias.

^c•: Unclear.

^d×: No.

^e≈: Moderate risk of bias.