Table 1. Characterization of study groups.
| Variables | Controls | PKD |
|---|---|---|
| (n=86) | (n=86) | |
| Age (years) (p=0.117)* | 61.9± 4.3 | 63.2 ± 5.1 |
| Disease Period (years) | NA | 9.4 ±3.9 |
| MMSE‡ | NA | 14.2 ± 2.9 |
| Body mass index (p=0.008)* | 26.2 ± 2.4 | 25.3 ±1.8 |
| Sex† | ||
| Male | 60 (69.7%) | 62 (72.1%) |
| Female | 26 (30.3%) | 24 (27.9%) |
| - | OR= 1.34 (0.68-2.65) | |
| p=0.201 | ||
| Alcohol consumption† | ||
| No | 41 (48.0%) | 63 (73.2%) |
| Yes | 45 (52.0%) | 23 (26.8%) |
| - | OR=1.4 (0.91-2.03) | |
| p<0.042 | ||
| Dental floss use† | ||
| No | 36 (41.8%) | 57 (66.3%) |
| Yes | 50 (58.2%) | 29 (33.7%) |
| - | OR=1.2 (0.72–2.10) | |
| p=0.194 | ||
| Frequency of toothbrushing / day† | ||
| 1 to 2 times | 47 (55.0%) | 61 (70.9%) |
| ≥3 times | 39 (45.0%) | 25 (29.1%) |
| - | OR= 2.02 (1.07-3.80) | |
| p<0.014 | ||
| Family income† | ||
| <3 Brazilian Minimum Wage (BMW) | 35 (40.7%) | 49 (56.9%) |
| ≥ 3 BMW | 51 (59.3%) | 37 (43.1%) |
| - | OR=0.95 (0.52–1.74) | |
| p=0.439 | ||
| Educational level† | ||
| <8 years | 59 (69.1%) | 54 (62.6%) |
| ≥8 years | 27 (30.9%) | 32 (37.4%) |
| - | OR= 0.54 (0.41–1.45) | |
| p=0.214 |
* Mann-Whitney test; †Chi-squared test; ‡MMSE= Mini-Mental State Examination (Data from 65 participants); PKD = Parkinson’s disease; NA = not applicable; BMW = Brazilian minimum wage (equivalent to ~250 US$); OR= Odds ratio 95%CI
PKD = Parkinson’s disease; Mean±standard deviation. PI= Plaque Index; PD = probing depth; CAL = clinical attachment level; BOP = bleeding on probing; *Chi-square test; †Mann-Whitney test. Significant p-values are shown in bold.