Table 1.

Representative terms by HIC-Sci Papers Rate (HPR)

HPR	Representative terms
$\mathrm{HPR}=0$	Climatic importance, discussion issue meeting, discussion meeting, ecological function, findings research,
	space station, soil use, bb biomass burning, stations synoptic, cycle mechanism pattern
$0<\mathrm{HPR}<0.3$	Adaptive measure, eof analysis function, eof analysis, double low srccombining, issue meeting, double
	srccombining, estimate surface, convection-permitting scale, terrestrial tropical, carbon estimate
$0.3\le \mathrm{HPR}<1$	Era5 reanalysis, adjustment bias, cfc-11 emission, cmip6 simulation, change profound, Canadian earth,
	Canadian earth system, cmip6 multimodel, action adaptation, gwls level warming, (*scenario ssp5-8.5,
	*ssp1-2.6, *ssp2-4.5, *high-emissions scenario)
$\mathrm{HPR}=1$	Cmip6 ensemble, feedback land–atmosphere, ensemble geoengineering large, clams model, geoengineering
	large, mixed-layer model ocean, hazard indicator, hazard risk, sandy shoreline, model previous version

Top 10 most frequent and representative terms for each HPR category, extracted from the titles and abstracts of papers published since 2018 to focus on recent, specialized terminology. Terms are generally listed in descending order of frequency, but those marked with an asterisk (*) are included for their distinctiveness despite their lower frequencies. HPR indicates the proportion of total occurrences of a term found in HIC-Sci papers, which constitute 30.0% of all papers analyzed (Methods).