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. 2026 Apr 15;13:1774473. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2026.1774473

TABLE 3.

Results of geometry performance evaluation of drilled screw path on ovine spines.

Exp. da (mm) mean ds (mm) mean θs (deg) mean θa (deg) mean d (mm) median (IQR 25, 75) θ (deg) median (IQR 25, 75)
1 0.12 0.63 −0.23 −0.42 1.48 (0.94, 2.00) 2.34 (1.25, 2.77)
2 −0.69 −1.09 0.69 −0.56 1.69 (1.16, 2.17) 2.45 (2.12, 3.37)
3 −0.31 0.29 −0.08 −1.06 1.39 (0.73, 2.06) 1.82 (1.20, 2.89)
Mean −0.07 −0.06 0.19 −0.70 1.51 (0.91, 2.10) 2.30 (1.28, 3.13)
Std 1.17 1.36 1.83 1.54