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. 2026 Apr 15;17:1799303. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1799303

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Copyright © 2026 Semenzato, Dell’Olmo, Raio, Serratore, Fodil, Ragosta and Sigillo.

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Bar graph with three panels labeled A, B, and C measures logCFU per milliliter for different bacterial strains and treatments. In panel A, 1N3 shows a higher value than 1N3 exposed to VOCs from 2N5 or 3N1. Panel B shows similar values for 2N5 and 2N5 exposed to VOCs from 1N3 or 3N1. Panel C displays no significant differences among 3N1 and 3N1 exposed to VOCs from 1N3 or 2N5. Error bars and significance letters indicate statistical comparison. — VOCs inhibitory activity. (A) CFU/mL of 1N3 in the absence and in the presence of VOCs from 2N5 and 3N1. (B) CFU/mL of 2N5 in the absence and in the presence of VOCs from 1N3 and 3N1. (C) CFU/mL of 3N1 in the absence and in the presence of VOCs from 2N5 and 1N3. Statistically significant differences at p < 0.05 (treatment vs control) were determined by unpaired t-test.