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. 2026 Apr 15;17:1799303. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1799303

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Copyright © 2026 Semenzato, Dell’Olmo, Raio, Serratore, Fodil, Ragosta and Sigillo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Panel A shows a close-up of a rosemary stem with narrow green leaves; panel B presents a single rosemary cutting showing stem discoloration; panel C highlights a woody stem section with knots; panel D displays a young potted rosemary plant with brown patches on the stem and adventitious roots; panel E features several potted rosemary plants with curled, browning leaves and wilting symptoms. — Disease scale used to measure symptom level in rosemary: (A) level 0, no symptoms; (B) level 1, discoloration at the inoculation point; (C) level 2, browning and hypertrophy; (D) level 2, presence of adventitious roots; (E) level 3, wilted plant.