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. 2026 Apr 15;17:1799303. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1799303

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Copyright © 2026 Semenzato, Dell’Olmo, Raio, Serratore, Fodil, Ragosta and Sigillo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Scatter plot with error bars showing S values on the y-axis at five time points (24 to 120 hours) for four groups: All strains(grey), 1N3 (blue), 2N5 (cyan), and 3N1 (green). Data points are distinguished by color and annotated with letters to indicate statistical significance between groups at each time. — Progression of disease severity over time in plants treated with single bacterial strains and their combination (All). Disease severity (S) was assessed at each time point and is reported as mean ± standard error (SE). Statistical differences were evaluated using a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences among conditions within the same time point (p < 0.05).