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. 2025 Nov 25;76(1):117–136. doi: 10.1007/s11881-025-00354-x

Table 3.

Classification into dyslexia pathways based on word-reading fluency at Grades 1 and 4

Word-Reading fluency Grade 4
Above 25th percentile Below 16th percentile Total
Grade 1 Above 25th percentile 335 34 369
Below 16th percentile 35 38 73
Total 370 72 442

Note. Classification based on dual cut-off points (a buffer zone) at the 16th and 25th percentiles