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. 2026 Apr 29;12:158. doi: 10.1038/s41378-026-01274-5

Table 2.

Performance comparison of developed sensors with those reported in the literature

Type Size Temperature Heat flux Response time Ref
Thin-film Gordon gauge >5 mm / / >100 ms 23
Pt/Pt-13Rh thin film thermopile 10 mm 1000 °C 110 kW/ m2 15.24 ms 26
ITO/In2O3 thin film thermopile 48 mm 1200 °C 276.659 kW/m2 1.2 s 29
Pt thin film 6 mm 330 k 77.5 kW/ m2 15.377 37
gSKIN® 10 mm 150 °C 150 kW/ m2 0.7 s 49
Pt thin film 2 mm >1400 °C >3.5 MW/ m2 <0.2 ms This study