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. 2026 Apr 16;17:1722781. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1722781

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Copyright © 2026 Su, Zhang, Lian and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PRISMA flow diagram illustrating study identification, screening, and inclusion processes for a systematic review. Two columns represent studies found via databases and registers versus citation searching, with numbers of records at each stage and reasons for exclusions noted. Fifty studies were included in the review. — Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) flowchart of the study selection process. ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors. CirAEs, cutaneous immune-related adverse events.