Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

PICOS	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population (P)	Cancer patients have received at least one dose ICIs treatments	Not cancer patients or not treated with ICIs therapy
Concept (C)	The included studies should mention risk factors associated with the incidence of any cirAEs.	Not cirAEs reported Risk factors only between different grades cirAEs but not non-cirAEs Risk factors of prognostic outcomes Risk factors not analyzed statistically
Context (C)	Any setting, including the patient’s home or health care facility. English/Chinese Time published from the date of database establishment to Dec 31st, 2023	Not in English/Chinese Time out of the inclusion criterion Duplicate report No full text
Study design (S)	Experimental design, including randomized control trial (RCT), quasi-RCT, non-RCT, before-after study and interrupted time series studies Observational design, including case control study, retrospective or prospective cohort study and longitudinal observational study Meta-analysis	Other Review, conference abstract, comment, protocol only, case report, qualitative research