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. 2026 Apr 29;16:13777. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46979-9

Table 13.

Statistical analysis of algorithms.

m GA PSO SHO
Best Worst Std Best Worst Std Best Worst Std
0.1 6.49E+02 6.50E+04 1.17E+02 2.18E+02 8.39E+04 0.00E+00 2.18E+02 1.22E+05 2.14E–12
0.2 2.81E+02 7.23E+04 4.60E+02 7.66E+01 1.14E+05 4.47E+04 7.66E+01 1.28E+05 2.13E–01
0.3 2.76E+02 4.43E+04 3.16E+02 6.09E+01 5.80E+04 1.28E–14 6.09E+01 4.70E+04 4.57E+00
0.4 3.92E+01 4.05E+04 1.18E+02 4.26E+00 1.03E+05 4.47E+04 3.95E+00 1.01E+05 3.77E+01
0.5 7.41E+01 4.11E+04 1.12E+02 8.30E+00 1.01E+05 1.92E–06 8.32E+00 1.05E+05 5.50E+01
0.6 1.15E+02 2.41E+04 1.07E+02 4.31E–29 2.45E+04 3.88E–06 4.31E–29 2.45E+04 3.88E–06
0.7 4.21E+01 1.41E+04 1.29E+02 3.66E–29 3.00E+04 5.09E–01 3.66E–29 3.00E+04 5.09E–01
0.8 7.55E+01 1.00E+05 8.43E+01 6.51E–30 3.62E+04 6.07E+00 6.51E–30 3.62E+04 6.07E+00
0.9 3.57E+01 8.09E+03 2.99E+01 1.19E–01 1.61E+04 1.07E+01 1.19E–01 1.61E+04 1.07E+01
1.0 8.02E+01 1.00E+05 1.73E+02 4.26E–29 1.01E+05 0.00E+00 4.26E–29 1.01E+05 0.00E+00