Table 4 . Cox proportional hazards analysis of the presence and cause of CF.
| Non-CF n=137 |
CF n=122 |
Univariate p value | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p value | ||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 38 (23.0–41.9) | 37 (24.6–41.7) | .01 | 0.96 | (0.92–1.00) | .03 |
| Postnatal age (days) | 1 (0–146) | 1 (0–187) | .98 | |||
| Body weight (g) | 2,678 (751–5,536) | 2,489 (631–8,365) | .21 | |||
| ≤1,499 g | 8 (5.8) | 12 (9.8) | ||||
| 1,500–2,499 g | 49 (35.8) | 51 (41.8) | ||||
| ≥2,500 g | 80 (58.4) | 59 (48.4) | ||||
| Catheter dwell time (h) | 63.5 (7.5–450.0) | 47.5 (0.8–199.9) | <.01 | |||
| Purpose of infusion | ||||||
| PPN | 112 (81.8) | 97 (79.5) | .65 | |||
| Antibiotics | 41 (29.9) | 40 (32.8) | .62 | |||
| Inspection | 17 (12.4) | 10 (8.2) | .27 | |||
| Blood transfusion | 3 (2.2) | 5 (4.1) | .48 | |||
| Other | 8 (5.8) | 6 (4.9) | .74 | |||
| Use of a long PIVC | 17 (12.4) | 7 (5.7) | .07 | 0.47 | (0.22–1.04) | .06 |
| Profession of the inserter | .10 | |||||
| Physician | 137 (100) | 119 (97.5) | ||||
| Nurse | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.5) | ||||
| Number of insertion attempts | .46 | |||||
| First | 73 (53.3) | 72 (59.0) | ||||
| Second | 37 (27.0) | 25 (20.5) | ||||
| ≥Third | 27 (19.7) | 25 (20.5) | ||||
| Insertion site | .68 | |||||
| Dorsum of the hand | 93 (67.9) | 81 (66.4) | ||||
| Cephalic vein | 19 (13.9) | 21 (17.2) | ||||
| Basilic vein | 6 (4.4) | 7 (5.7) | ||||
| Median antebrachial vein | 3 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Dorsum of foot | 7 (5.1) | 8 (6.6) | ||||
| Small saphenous vein | 3 (2.2) | 2 (1.6) | ||||
| Great saphenous vein | 6 (4.4) | 3 (2.5) | ||||
| Use of insertion aids | ||||||
| No use | 40 (29.2) | 39 (32.0) | .63 | |||
| Vein visualization device | 97 (70.8) | 82 (67.2) | .53 | |||
| Ultrasonography | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Contents of infusion at catheter removal | .62 | |||||
| PPN | 102 (74.5) | 89 (73.0) | ||||
| Saline solution | 25 (18.2) | 20 (16.4) | ||||
| Other | 10 (7.3) | 13 (10.7) | ||||
| Flow volume of infusion at catheter removal (ml/h) | 1 (0.0–15.0) | 2.9 (0.0–12.0) | <.01 | 1.28 | (1.20–1.37) | <.01 |
| MDRPU | 5 (3.6) | 3 (2.5) | .73 | |||
Data are presented as the median (minimum–maximum) or as n (%).
The p values for gestational age, postnatal age, body weight, catheter dwell times, and flow of infusion at catheter removal were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test.
The p values for the purpose of infusion (blood transfusion), profession of the inserter, insertion site, and MDRPU were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.
The p values for other categorical variables were analyzed using the χ2 test.
Variables with p<.10 by the Mann–Whitney U test or χ2 test were entered into the Cox proportional hazards analysis.
The fit of the model was p<.001 by the likelihood test.
CF: catheter failure; PIVC: peripheral intravenous catheter; PPN: peripheral parenteral nutrition; MDRPU: medical device-related pressure ulcer.