Table 3.
Performance of each CNN model on the independent test set, with all metrics reported along with their 95% confidence intervals
| Model | CA (%) | F1 (%) | Precision (%) | Recall (%) | Specificity (%) | MCC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MobileNetV2 | 37.2% (23.0–53.3) | 52.6% (35.3–67.7) | 35.7% (21.6–52.0) | 100.0% (78.2–100.0) |
3.6% (0.1–18.3) |
0.113 (0.000–0.216) |
| ConvNeXtTiny | 37.8% (23.8–53.5) | 51.7% (34.6–65.7) | 34.9% (21.0–50.9) | 100.0% (78.2–100.0) | 6.7% (0.8–22.1) |
0.152 (0.000–0.264) |
| InceptionV3 | 60.5% (44.4–75.0) | 63.8% (45.5–77.8) | 46.9% (29.1–65.3) | 100.0% (78.2–100.0) | 39.3% (21.5–59.4) |
0.429 (0.283–0.586) |
| VGG16 | 72.1% (56.3–84.7) | 68.4% (48.5–83.3) | 56.5% (34.5–76.8) | 86.7% (59.5–98.3) | 64.3% (44.1–81.4) |
0.487 (0.229–0.715) |
| ResNet50 | 65.1% (49.1–79.0) | 63.4% (43.9–79.1) | 50.0% (29.9–70.1) | 86.7% (59.5–98.3) | 53.6% (33.9–72.5) |
0.392 (0.131–0.624) |
| DenseNet121 | 62.8% (46.7–77.0) | 61.9% (42.4–77.8) | 48.1% (28.7–68.1) | 86.7% (59.5–98.3) | 50.0% (30.6–69.4) |
0.362 (0.106–0.590) |