Table 2.
Association between various sociodemographic variables and barriers to service access (n = 139)
| Variables | Community Related Barrier | Association & Effect size | Health System related Barrier | Association & Effect size | Socioeconomic barriers | Association & Effect size | ||||
| Age group | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||
| 18–30 |
16 (29.1%) |
39 (70.9%) |
P = 0.169 V = 0.117 |
27 (49.1%) | 28 (50.9%) |
P = 0.177 V = 0.115 |
22 (40.0%) | 33 (60.0%) |
P = 0.066 V = 0.156 |
|
| More than 30 |
16 (19%) |
68 (81%) |
51 (60.7%) | 33 (39.3%) | 47 (56.0%) | 37 (44.0%) | ||||
| Gender | Female | 12 (23.1%) | 40 (76.9%) |
P = 0.057 V = 0.203 |
38 (73.1%) | 14 (26.9%) |
P = 0.005 V = 0.276 |
10 (19.2%) | 42 (80.8%) |
P = < 0.001 V = 0.470 |
| Male | 14 (18.7%) | 61 (81.3%) | 33 (44.0%) | 42 (56.0%) | 51 (68.0%) | 24 (32.0%) | ||||
| Trans gender | 06 (50.0%) | 06 (50.0%) | 07 (58.3%) | 05 (41.7%) | 08 (66.7%) | 04 (33.3%) | ||||
| Social Class | APL | 24 (26.1%) | 68 (73.9%) |
P = 0.230 V = 0.102 |
55 (59.8%) | 37 (40.2%) |
P = 0.223 V = 0.103 |
41 (44.6%) | 51 (55.4%) |
P = 0.094 V = 0.142 |
| BPL | 06 (12.8%) | 41 (87.2%) | 23 (48.9%) | 24 (51.1%) | 28 (59.6%) | 19 (40.4%) | ||||
| Residence | Rural | 10 (19.2%) | 42 (80.8%) |
P = 0.602 V = 0.044 |
26 (50.0%) | 26 (50.0%) |
P = 0.261 V = 0.095 |
17 (32.7%) | 35 (67.3%) |
* P = 0.001 V = 0.277 |
| Urban | 20 (23.0%) | 67 (77.0%) | 52 (59.8%) | 35 (40.2%) | 09 (10.3%) | 78 (89.7%) | ||||
| Residence | Rural | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 15 (28.8%) | 37 (71.2%) |
# P = 0.003 V = 0.256 |
| Urban | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 08 (9.2%) | 79 (90.8%) | ||
| Residence | Rural | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 15 (28.8%) | 37 (71.2%) |
@P = < 0.001 V = 0.297 |
| Urban | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 06 (6.9%) | 81 (93.1%) | ||
Community-related barriers: Afraid of being recognized; Health system-related barriers: Long waiting hours; Social barriers: *Dependency on another person #Lack of travel fare @Distance & transportation problem