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. 2026 Apr 30;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s11671-026-04573-y

Table 2.

Thermal properties of ternary hybrid nanofluid (Padma et al. [6]; Zafar et al. [10])

Properties Nanofluid Hybrid nanofluid Ternary hybrid nanofluid
Density Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic
Heat capacitance Inline graphic   Inline graphic Inline graphic  
Dynamic viscosity Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic
Electrical conductivity Inline graphic   Inline graphic   Inline graphic
Thermal conductivity Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic  
Variable thermal conductivity Inline graphic