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. 2026 May 2;21(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s11671-026-04601-x

Table 2.

Determination of the optimized reaction conditions for the synthesis of compounds 5a

Entry Catalyst Solvent Temperature (oC) Time (min) Yield %a, b
1 -c EtOH r.t 120 Trace
2 PS-Cl (10 mg) EtOH r.t 120 Trace
3 MPS (10 mg) EtOH r.t 20 Trace
4 L-Glu (10 mol%) EtOH r.t 20 85
5 Ala (10 mol%) EtOH r.t 20 69
6 Gly (10 mol%) EtOH r.t 20 67
7 Pro (10 mol%) EtOH r.t 20 78
8 Ser (10 mol%) EtOH r.t 20 65
9 L-Glu-MPS (10 mg) EtOH r.t 20 75
10 L-Glu-MPS (5 mg) EtOH r.t 20 82
11 L-Glu-MPS (15 mg) EtOH r.t 20 89
12 L-Glu-MPS (20mg) EtOH r.t 20 98
13 L-Glu-MPS (25 mg) EtOH r.t 20 98
14 L-Glu-MPS (20 mg) MeOH r.t 20 73
15 L-Glu-MPS (20 mg) H2O r.t 20 67
16 L-Glu-MPS (20 mg) EtOH: H2O r.t 20 82
17 L-Glu-MPS (20 mg) DMF r.t 20 81
18 L-Glu-MPS (20 mg) CH2Cl2 r.t 20 52
19 L-Glu-MPS (20 mg) EtOH 40 20 98
20 L-Glu-MPS (20 mg) EtOH Reflux 20 98

Reaction conditions: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (1 mmol), dimedone (1 mmol), and ethyl acetoacetate (1 mmol) in the presence of the L-Glu-MPS catalyst in a 10 mL solvent

b Isolated yields. c Catalyst-free conditions