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. 2026 Apr 20;17:1787938. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1787938

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Copyright © 2026 Fu, Li, Miao, Mai, Lu, Xiao, Kuang and Guo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two chromatograms labeled A and B display relative abundance versus time from zero to sixteen minutes, each with numerous peaks marked for retention times; A represents positive ion mode and B negative ion mode. — Total ion current diagram of the quality control sample. (A) C18 ESI (+); (B) C18 ESI (–).