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. 2026 Apr 20;17:1787938. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1787938

Figure 4.

Grouped bar graphs labeled A through V compare measurements across three groups—NC (blue), CY (red), and MY (green)—at various time points or pregnancy stages, with error bars and significance markers indicating statistical differences. Three heatmap graphics labeled W, X, and Y display correlation or expression data, with red and blue color gradients representing numerical values.

Detection of growth and development changes and serological indexes and correlation analysis of hormone levels and growth performance in foals. (A, B) Changes in body size and weight of foals from 0 to 90 days in each group. (C) Body weight (kg); (D) Body height (cm); (E) Oblique length (cm); (F) Chest circumference (cm); (G) Cannon circumference (cm). Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (n = 4). Changes in inflammatory factor levels in the serum of foals from 0 to 120 d in each group: (H) IL-6 concentration (pg/mL); (I) IL-10 concentration (pg/mL); (J) IFN-γ concentration (pg/mL); (K) TNF-α concentration (pg/mL). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). Changes in antioxidant content and immunoglobulin levels in the serum of foals from 0 to 120 d in each group: (L) SOD concentration (U/mL); (M) MDA concentration (nmol/mL); (N) T-AOC (μmol Trolox/mL). Data are means ± standard deviation (n = 4). (O) IgA concentration (g/L); (P) IgG concentration (g/L); (Q) IgM concentration (g/L) Changes in hormone levels in the serum of foals from 0 to 90 d in each group: (R) GH content (ng/mL); (S) IGF-I content (ng/mL); (T) T3 content (ng/mL); (U) T4 content (ng/mL); (V) Ins content (μIU/mL). Data are means ± standard deviation (n = 4): Correlation between serum hormone indices and growth performance of mares on their foals supplemented with TSPSS: (W) Correlation of foals in NC group; (X) Correlation of foals in GY group; (Y) Correlation of foals in MY group. Significant differences within groups (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). Significant differences between groups (v − zp < 0.05, V − Zp < 0.01).