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. 2026 Apr 28;21(1):e12. doi: 10.22037/iej.v21i1.48350

Figure 10.

Figure 10

Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses showing the influence of individual studies on the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates under the random-effects DerSimonian–Laird model. Each plot represents the recalculated pooled effect size after sequential omission of one study. The consistency of effect estimates across omission scenarios indicates that the overall findings were not disproportionately affected by any single study (95% CI).