Figure 11.
Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses illustrating the influence of individual studies on the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates at different exposure times under the random-effects DerSimonian–Laird model. Each plot represents the pooled effect size recalculated after sequential omission of a single study. The consistency of results across omission scenarios indicates that the overall findings were robust and not driven by any individual study (95% CI).
